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Tax decision may bring IHT benefits for farmers and landowners

A recent tribunal decision on the way tax relief was applied to an estate following the death of its owner could have significant benefits for farmers and landowners, as it potentially changes the current approach to inheritance tax (IHT) planning.

The Upper Tax Tribunal dismissed an appeal by HMRC in the Balfour case, where Lord Balfour held his interest in the estate – which included a mixture of trading and investment activities such as active and let farms, let cottages, let commercial units and various woodlands – in a partnership.

Lord Balfour’s executors claimed the estate was managed as one composite business where he presided over all main decisions, and therefore claimed Business Property Relief (BPR) against his partnership interest.

PR can apply to 100% of the value of any assets which qualify as relevant business property – providing those assets are used in a business activity which doesn’t consist “wholly or mainly of making or holding investments”.

HMRC rejected the executors’ argument, mainly on the basis that the rental properties on the estate represented investments rather than a genuine business activity.
But the Tax Tribunal backed the executors’ claim, a decision which Bird Luckin Tax Director Peter Warren believes could bring significant advantages to farmers and landowners when it comes to IHT planning.

“The decision suggests that the fact a business includes investment activities – which were not insignificant in the Balfour case – doesn’t necessarily mean that BPR will not be available for the whole of a mixed use estate,” said Peter.

“Clearly it’s important to look at each case in context and individually, and short-term measures such as simply changing the way that accounts are drawn up are unlikely to impact on the availability of BPR.

“However, we now know which factors the Tribunal considered when making it’s judgement, and we can consider these specifically when it comes to IHT planning. And while farmers and landowners who are young and in good health may not focus much attention on BPR and IHT planning, it’s clear that changes made now and for the longer term could strengthen a future argument that an estate is being run as one business.”

Factors arising from the case which need to be considered include:

•     maintaining a simple operating and ownership structure, with (wherever possible) employees and advisers spreading their time between trading and investment activities.

•     increasing the level of trading activities against investment activities.

•     maintaining a composite management structure with a single business plan,  management accounts and meetings.

•      maintain accounting and other records to support a claim for BPR in the event of an enquiry from HMRC.

“While this is obviously an important case with possible advantages for farmers and landowners, no action should be taken without seeking professional advice based on the specifics of each individual circumstances,” added Peter.

Peter Warren
t: 01245 254250
e: peterwarren@bird-luckin.co.uk